Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder wall in an acute or chronic course. It is indicated by frequent and painful urination, with the presence of pus in the urine, blood clots, in children it is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication, fever. The disease is common in people of any age and gender, but more often it is determined in women, which is associated with anatomical features of the urinary system.
Symptoms of cystitis
Cystitis is divided into acute and chronic. The acute form is characterized by spontaneous onset and rapid development. The first sign is a frequent urge to urinate every 20-30 minutes. The patient complains of pain in the suprapubic region, the pain spreads to the perineum, genitals, increased with pressure on the abdomen, slight filling of the bladder. The urine itself is painful with a burning sensation and pain, the act ending with the release of a few drops of blood. The color and transparency of urine changes: it looks cloudy, dark, with sediment, and has an unpleasant odor. With favorable results, the health condition improved for 4-5 days, for 7-10 days the patient recovered.
Chronic cystitis is characterized by exacerbation and alternating remission or a persistent damp course. Symptoms correspond to the acute form, their severity increases in the acute stage.
The reasons
For the development of cystitis, certain conditions are required: infection, morphological or functional changes in the bladder. In most cases, the disease is contagious. The main causative agents of cystitis are E. coli, epidermal streptococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci. Microorganisms enter the bladder cavity from the external environment, the kidneys, less frequently from other inflammatory foci: through lymph, blood, damaged bladder walls.
A good background for the development of bladder inflammation is created by:
- frequent hypothermia;
- infrequent or incomplete urination;
- weakened immunity;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- wearing clothes that are too tight;
- Malnutrition;
- vitamin deficiency;
- physical and psycho-emotional overwork;
- chronic disease;
- exchange of sexual partners or initiation of sexual activity;
- surgical intervention on the bladder, prostate gland;
- non -compliance with hygiene standards;
- effects on the body of radiation, chemicals and toxins;
- treatment with antibiotics and nephrotoxic drugs;
- presence of foreign bodies: urinary tract, kidney stones, ureteral stent.
In the development of cystitis, certain roles belong to diseases and pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis, Huerta narrowing in boys / boys, prostate adenoma, prostatitis, dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections, helminthic diseases.
Variety
Cystitis is classified according to different criteria:
- downstream: acute - characterized by inflammatory lesions of the mucosal and submucosal layers, and chronic - morphological changes affecting the muscular layer;
- according to etiology: bacterial (divided into specific and non -specific) and non -bacterial (chemical, medical, radiation, allergic);
- in the form of: primary - occurs without changes in structure and function in the urinary system, secondary - develops in a state of bladder dysfunction, anatomical changes;
- according to the prevalence of the inflammatory process: focus (limited) and volume (diffuse).
Diagnostics
In the diagnosis of cystitis, urologists are assisted by clinical manifestations, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies. The main role in recognizing cystitis, its type, course characteristics belong to the general analysis of urine, urine culture for flora, determination of the level of acidity of urine. According to the symptoms, endoscopic examination of the bladder mucosa (cystoscopy) or X-ray (cystography), urographic examination, and ultrasound of the bladder are performed.
To confirm/exclude cystitis, specialists from the CMRT clinic use modern diagnostic methods, such as:
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
- Ultrasound (ultrasound)
- duplex scanning
- Computational topography of the Diers spine
- Examination (whole body examination)
- CT
Which doctor to contact
Urologists diagnose and treat the disease. Depending on the causes and symptoms that accompany the disease, it may be necessary to consult a gynecologist and other specialists.
How to treat cystitis
The course of treatment is chosen by urologists, sometimes in collaboration with endocrinologists, gynecologists, infectious disease specialists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and other specialists. At the stage of acute cystitis, to reduce the symptoms of disurik disorders, a dairy-vegetarian diet is recommended, restriction of spicy, salty, fatty foods, spices, thermal procedures on the bladder area. To quickly cleanse the bladder of toxins, bacteria, inflammatory components, it is necessary to strengthen the drinking regimen. In addition to slightly alkaline mineral water, you can drink juices, fruit drinks, compotes, weak green tea.
Of the drugs in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract, uroantiseptic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral drugs are used, taking into account the type of pathogen. To relieve pain, relieve muscle spasms, stop the symptoms of inflammation as prescribed, take analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics. In addition to the main treatment, after the symptoms of the disease subside, herbal remedies, electrophoresis, and magnetotherapy are prescribed.
At the stage of complications, if it is impossible to cure the disease with conservative therapy, surgical removal of the bladder or pathologically altered area is performed with resection, laser exposure, coagulation.
Complications
Prerequisites for the development of complications manifest chronic and secondary forms. Possible adverse effects include:
- sclerotic defects of the bladder neck;
- anatomical and functional changes in the bladder;
- vesicoureteral reflux (reverse flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter);
- peritonitis;
- pyelonephritis;
- inflammation of the urethral wall.
Prevention of cystitis
Prevention of cystitis contributes to:
- exclusion of hypothermia;
- prevention of physical and psycho-emotional overwork;
- healthy and nutritious food;
- genital hygiene;
- early detection and treatment of infections, concomitant diseases;
- systematic emptying of the bladder;
- strengthen immunity;
- compliance with a drinking regime.